Regular exercise is widely recognized as important for maintaining physical health, especially as people age. The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) states that consistent physical activity increases blood flow, strengthens muscles, supports weight loss, and improves sleep.
Recent research also links increased physical activity and fitness to longer life expectancy. A 2024 study by the European Society of Cardiology found that men aged 60 who engaged in intermediate levels of physical activity lived nearly two years longer than those with low activity, while those with high activity gained over two additional years. Fitness level had an even greater impact on lifespan.
The mental health benefits of exercise are also well documented. Elizabeth A. Crocco, M.D., medical director at the University of Miami Memory Disorder Clinic’s Center for Cognitive Neuroscience and Aging, said: “A lot of data suggests that exercise is great for preventing and treating mental illness, but it also seems to be good for brain health in general.” She added: “It appears to be a major factor when it comes to slowing the progression of degenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s, for example. We know that cardiovascular activity is great for heart health, but now it seems protective for brain health, as well.”
Evidence from more than 1,000 studies reviewed by the John W. Brick Mental Health Foundation in its 2021 report indicates a strong link between regular exercise and improved mental health outcomes. The review found that most studies reported lower rates of depression, anxiety and stress among people who exercised regularly.
Exercise may also help build resilience against stressors. During the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom, a study involving 85 participants found that higher intensity exercise was associated with greater resilience when facing challenges.
Different types of physical activities can offer benefits; yoga and tai chi have been shown to help individuals dealing with anxiety. Dr. Crocco emphasized: “There are a few key tenets that I tell my older patients when it comes to exercise,” she said. “First, you’re never too old to start. Second, no amount of physical activity is too small. Third, there’s also no ceiling. You can keep going as long as you don’t hurt yourself.”
Simple activities such as walking daily can make a significant difference in both physical and mental well-being.
